QLD Youth Justice
The State, The Funnel, The Money, The Network, The Evidence, The Place
Australia's most-debated youth-justice system, sourced. Live watchhouse occupancy refreshes from QPS twice daily. Funding flows through the QLD state budget, federal procurement, and foundation giving. Cross-system pathways from child protection, disability, AOD, and education traced via 0 QLD LGAs. ALMA evidence base shown in §5–§17, where each count carries its filter (e.g. 0 QLD-tagged YJ interventions in §16; 0 effective-but-unfunded in §17; 0 MH-typed and 0 AOD-typed across the national catalogue, §6).
QLD already supervises hundreds of young people in the community every day. Yet detention costs more per child than every alternative, and most children released come back within 12 months. The case for community-based support isn't hypothetical, it's already running, underfunded.
0% First Nations · live from QPS, refreshed twice daily.
ROGS detention spend ÷ avg nightly population × 365.
ROGS Section 17. Trended up over the past five years while detention spend more than doubled.
Expanding. +120 beds in build (Woodford 80 + Cairns 40), Wacol opened 2025.
Hardening. Adult-time provisions; bail tightened twice in 14 months; HR Act overridden twice.
Contracting. Path to Treaty repealed. ACCO share 12%. 0 grants tagged mental-health/AOD.
Two budget windows: Cumulative dataset $0 detention vs $0 community (2008–2026, justice_funding). Current-year ROGS recurrent: pending. Same direction of travel; different denominators. Full explainer in §8.
Got 5 minutes? The shortest path through the report
Five sections, in order, that carry the argument. Skim them and you have the whole report's spine.
- 01§3Are we closing the Closing-the-Gap target?→
- 02§8How many detention dollars per dollar of community-based services?→
- 03§10Where is the ACCO funding gap?→
- 04§17Which effective programs are running with no funding link?→
- 05§25.5What does the synthesis actually say?→
Each anchor jumps to the corresponding section in the long report. Read all five and you have the cold-arrival case in roughly five minutes.
children in adult police watchhouses · 0% First Nations
detention dollars for every $1 of community-based services ($0 vs $0)
ACCO funding share (CivicGraph, justice_funding) vs First Nations share of children in QLD detention (AIHW Youth Detention Population 2024-25, range across quarters)
YJ-relevant bills tracked, major Acts since 2024 are custody-expanding
Woodford (80) + Cairns (40) in build · Wacol Remand (76) opened 2025
in-custody / YJ-flagged inquests · 27 recommendations on Pilkington alone
QLD-tagged ALMA programs · 0 effective ones with no funding link
gap from the trajectory toward a 30% reduction by 2031, widening, not narrowing
The State Today
Live data from the police-custody publication, audited spend lines, and First Nations over-representation trends.
The bed problem, detention occupancy + watchhouse-as-overflow
QLD operates 0 youth-detention facilities with a combined capacity of 0 beds. When detention runs near capacity, watchhouses become overflow. Below: facilities + a 60-day trailing average of children in police watchhouses.
Operational facilities
No facility data ingested.
Planned + recently-opened (curated)
Announced 21 Sep 2023 (Palaszczuk Labor Government). Officially opened and began transferring young people in early 2025 under the Crisafulli LNP Government. Operates remand-only, reduces watchhouse overflow but adds detention capacity rather than community alternatives.
QLD Government statement (Sep 2023) ↗Sod turned February 2024 (Palaszczuk Labor); BESIX Watpac (QLD) Pty Ltd appointed as lead contractor. Project continues under the Crisafulli LNP Government. Completion target 2026.
QLD Department of Youth Justice, Woodford ↗Announced under Palaszczuk Labor; site selection consultation through 2024. Forecast operational 2027. Combined with Woodford, adds 120 beds to QLD detention capacity.
QLD Department of Youth Justice, Cairns ↗Curated from public QLD-government announcements. Not yet ingested into the structured detention dataset; we're building the pipeline.
Methodology: capital figures sourced from industry trackers and ministerial statements. QLD Budget Paper 3 line-by-line reconciliation pending.
Children in watchhouses · 60-day trend
No trend data.
Who's in custody, Closing the Gap target 11 progress
National Agreement on Closing the Gap: target 11 commits to reducing the rate of First Nations young people in detention by 30% by 2031. Below: QLD's actual rate vs the target trajectory.
AIHW Youth Detention Population 2024-25, range across quarterly snapshots. Compared to ~5% First Nations share of QLD's 10–17 population.
Aboriginal Community-Controlled share of justice_funding dollars (CivicGraph). Frame your grants against the AIHW denominator, not the population baseline.
The Funnel
Cross-linked pathways: child protection, disability, mental health, addiction, and education disengagement that funnel children into the youth-justice system.
The pipeline, vulnerability hotspots by QLD LGA
Top 15 QLD Local Government Areas ranked by pipeline intensity, a composite score from lga_cross_system_stats combining welfare-recipient density, school disadvantage, and Indigenous-population share. With cross-system context: NDIS youth, JobSeeker, schools, and tracked funding.
| LGA | Youth pop | Pipeline intensity | Indig. % | NDIS youth | JobSeeker | Schools | Funding tracked |
|---|
Source: lga_cross_system_stats. Pipeline intensity is a composite score (welfare density + school disadvantage + Indigenous share). Youth pop estimated from QLD state-level 10–17 share (10.4% per ABS ERP June 2024) where per-LGA ABS data not yet ingested, flagged in sources.youth_population_method. Per-LGA youth-offender rates aren't yet sourced into this dataset for QLD. Funding = grants traced through this LGA in our dataset.
Disability & justice, NDIS youth in QLD
The disability-criminalisation pipeline: cognitive impairment, autism, FASD and intellectual disability are over-represented in detention. Below: NDIS youth (15–18) by category in QLD overall.
NDIS overlay data not loaded.
Source: v_ndis_youth_justice_overlay. AIHW Youth Justice reporting identifies cognitive disability over-representation in the cohort; NDIS data is one of the only structured records of disability supports for young people 15–18. Categories are not mutually exclusive: a participant can hold more than one primary disability classification, so the autism / intellectual / psychosocial counts may sum higher than the youth (15–18) total.
The mental health & AOD blind spot
The data gap is the policy gap. CivicGraph indexes thousands of QLD justice-funding rows and ALMA-catalogued programs. Mental-health and alcohol-and-other-drug surface counts:
Out of thousands of grants. The funding stream doesn't name the issue.
Identified by intervention type or description.
Alcohol, drug, addiction-tagged programs.
AIHW Youth Justice reporting consistently identifies high rates of mental-health and substance-use co-morbidity in the cohort. The QLD justice-funding stream tags 0 rows for mental health or AOD. If you can't name the issue in the data, you can't fund it accountably.
Education disengagement → welfare → offending
Welfare payments (Disability Support Pension, JobSeeker, Youth Allowance) cluster in the same QLD LGAs as low-ICSEA schools and high youth-offender rates. The pipeline doesn't start with the police, it starts with disengagement.
The §4 hotspot table above shows that LGAs with the highest pipeline-intensity scores also carry the highest count of low-ICSEA schools (the ACARA Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage; lower scores indicate concentrated disadvantage). The system doesn't fail at the courthouse; it fails at the schoolyard.
| LGA | Youth pop | DSP | JobSeeker | Youth Allow. | Low-ICSEA / total | Avg ICSEA | Indig. % |
|---|
Read horizontally: each LGA's welfare load + school-disadvantage profile + Indigenous share. ICSEA: ACARA Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage; 1000 is the national mean. Schools below 970 carry meaningful disadvantage; cells highlighted in red. Five-or-more low-ICSEA schools in an LGA also flagged. Source: lga_cross_system_stats · DSS Demographics 2024 + ACARA ICSEA + ABS ERP.
The Money, and the gaps in support
Where the dollars actually go: detention vs community, top recipients, the ACCO funding gap, the foundation landscape, federal procurement.
What “not being supported” looks like in five numbers
The detention-vs-community ratio is the headline. The gaps inside the community line are the deeper story. Five signals make the support deficit concrete, each is sourced live below from a different part of the dataset.
AIHW avg-nightly detention vs sentenced.
QLD justice-funding rows tagged mental-health or AOD, out of thousands. AIHW reports high MH/AOD comorbidity in the cohort. The funding stream doesn't name the issue.
ALMA-listed QLD interventions graded “Proven” or “Effective” with no traceable funding link. They run; they work; they don't scale.
For ~0% First Nations share of children in custody. The mismatch is the cleanest single signal of who's underfunded relative to need.
justice_funding topic tags (§6) · mv_yj_report_unfunded_programs (§17) · v_acco_yj_retention_qld (§10) · mv_yj_report_acco_gap (§10).Volume 3 cites two spend figures intentionally. Cumulative dataset spend ($0 detention / $0 community) covers every QLD justice line item in justice_funding across the indexed window (2008-26). Current-year recurrent (ROGS detention) is the latest single year from ROGS Section 17. Same direction of travel; different denominators. The —:1 ratio above is from the cumulative window.
Detention vs community, the structural ratio
From the QLD state-budget Youth Justice expenditure lines, queried live from justice_funding. $0 detention vs $0 community-based vs $0 group conferencing. Ratio: —:1 detention to community.
Where the community $0 actually goes
Top 15 QLD recipients of youth-justice-tagged grants (excluding state department line items) with at least one grant since FY22. National NGOs hold the largest contracts. Aboriginal Community-Controlled Organisations are funded, but at smaller dollar amounts (see §10). Recipients with no grants since FY22 appear in the historical section below.
| Recipient | Total | Grants | Last grant FY | Detail |
|---|
What was announced, and what's actually locked in
19 major QLD youth-justice initiatives, each laid out as a circuit diagram: Announcement → Bill → $ Funded → Delivery → Circuit breaker. Where a node is missing, the gap is the data: an announcement without a bill is rhetoric; a bill without a funded program is paper; a funded program without an announcement is invisible. Each row ends with the explicit Circuit breaker, the leverage point that would change the trajectory.
Each card maps an announced initiative through five questions: (1) what was said publicly, (2) was a bill passed, (3) is there money flowing, (4) what's the delivery status, (5) what would unblock or break the pattern. The fifth question is where the work is, for boards, funders, journalists, and sector peaks.
No matched funding line in justice_funding. Either: not yet costed, funded via a separate department (Health / NDIS / Education), or sentencing/legislative change with no direct $ vehicle.
Removed "detention as last resort" principle from Youth Justice Act. 13 listed offences carry adult sentencing exposure for children. UN CRC chair Ann Skelton called it "flagrant disregard of children's rights".
Reinstate "detention as last resort." A custody-expanding Bill that passes without a parallel community-services appropriation in the same package locks in a one-way ratchet. The legislative pattern itself is the circuit, break it by requiring matching community capacity in every YJ Bill.
Making Queensland Safer (Adult Crime, Adult Time) Amendment Bill 2025
PASSED · 2025-05-21
bill text ↗No matched funding line in justice_funding. Either: not yet costed, funded via a separate department (Health / NDIS / Education), or sentencing/legislative change with no direct $ vehicle.
Added ~20 further offences to the adult-sentencing list including arson, attempted murder, torture, rape. UN Special Rapporteurs wrote to Australian authorities expressing concern.
External standard: UN Special Rapporteurs and the National Children's Commissioner have written publicly. The legislative direction is heading away from international child-rights compliance. The circuit-breaker is a federal Treaty / National Children's Commissioner finding that names QLD's legislative trajectory non-compliant, not a state-level negotiation.
Expanding Adult Crime, Adult Time and Taking a Strong Stance on Drugs and Anti-Social Behaviour Amendment Bill 2026
PASSED with amendment · 2026-04-23
bill text ↗No matched funding line in justice_funding. Either: not yet costed, funded via a separate department (Health / NDIS / Education), or sentencing/legislative change with no direct $ vehicle.
Most-recent expansion. Three components: more adult-time offences, drug penalties, anti-social behaviour. Greens (Berkman) opposed.
A second LNP MP, a coronial finding, or a public-service walkout. The legislative floor of opposition voices is one Greens vote (Berkman). For this trajectory to break, opposition needs to come from inside the LNP party room, usually triggered by a coronial event or a federal compliance finding.
Stronger youth bail monitoring laws to make Queensland safer
Hon L Gerber MP
source ↗Youth Justice (Electronic Monitoring) Amendment Bill 2025
PASSED · 2026-02-12
bill text ↗No matched funding line in justice_funding. Either: not yet costed, funded via a separate department (Health / NDIS / Education), or sentencing/legislative change with no direct $ vehicle.
Two related bills passed within 60 days. Electronic monitoring expanded to Toowoomba, Mt Isa, Cairns. Police no longer required to consider alternatives to arrest for breaches. Predictable knock-on: more children on remand, more watchhouse-as-overflow.
Bail-support funding indexed to the bail-tightening population. Tightening bail without scaling community-bed capacity moves children from community to remand. The fix is a hard appropriation rule: every additional child on monitored bail = N hours of paid wraparound + 1 family-conferencing slot.
Youth bail monitoring devices to restore community safety
Hon L Gerber MP
source ↗Youth Justice (Monitoring Devices) Amendment Bill 2025
PASSED · 2025-04-02
bill text ↗No matched funding line in justice_funding. Either: not yet costed, funded via a separate department (Health / NDIS / Education), or sentencing/legislative change with no direct $ vehicle.
Companion to the Electronic Monitoring Bill. Operational rollout via DYJ + monitoring-device contractor.
Independent evaluation of monitoring outcomes. Devices are procurement; "does it reduce reoffending" is unresearched in QLD's rollout. The fix is a sunset clause requiring published evaluation data before any further roll-out is funded.
Criminal Code (Defence of Dwellings and Other Premises,Castle Law) Amendment Bill 2026
Referred to Committee · 2026-03-04
bill text ↗No matched funding line in justice_funding. Either: not yet costed, funded via a separate department (Health / NDIS / Education), or sentencing/legislative change with no direct $ vehicle.
KAP private bill on home-defence. Surfaces in YJ debate by association rather than direct YJ effect.
Not a YJ-leverage point. Listed for transparency about what surfaces in YJ debate by association.
No bill, administrative / appropriation / facility / funded-program initiative.
$250M+ build · ~$150M ops first 3 years
76 beds, remand-only. Opened early 2025 under Crisafulli LNP. Reduces watchhouse overflow but adds detention capacity rather than community alternatives.
Already built. The leverage now is operational: how the beds are used (remand vs sentenced), what wraparound services are colocated, whether ACCO programs are commissioned to deliver inside. Each opened bed without an ACCO partnership is a 30-year lock-in.
Woodford Youth Detention Centre construction begins
Palaszczuk Labor Government (sod-turn)
source ↗No bill, administrative / appropriation / facility / funded-program initiative.
Up to $627.61M reported (industry tracker)
80 beds, north of Brisbane. BESIX Watpac (QLD) lead contractor. Completion target 2026. Project continues under Crisafulli LNP.
A capital-budget freeze before commissioning. Operational appropriation is decided in the Budget that turns construction into operations, typically 12 months pre-opening. That window is the public-finance leverage point.
No bill, administrative / appropriation / facility / funded-program initiative.
TBD
40 beds, Far North Queensland. Site selection through 2024. Forecast operational 2027. With Woodford + Wacol = +120 beds added to QLD detention capacity.
Pre-construction. The most leverageable item in this registry. Cancel the build, redirect ~$200M to FNQ ACCO + community-bed capacity, and the regional disengagement-pipeline (§7 hotspots: Mareeba, Tablelands, Cairns 13 low-ICSEA schools) gets the closest thing to a place-based justice-reinvestment allocation in QLD's history.
Circuit Breaker Sentencing, intensive rehabilitation as alternative to detention
Hon L Gerber MP
source ↗No bill, administrative / appropriation / facility / funded-program initiative.
Circuit Breaker Sentencing in justice_funding ($20M FY25-26 · $80M over 4 yrs to DYJ)
Court-ordered intensive youth rehabilitation as alternative to detention. Two remote facilities (North and South QLD), capacity up to 60 youth offenders. Delivery commencing 2026. The largest single named "alternative to detention" appropriation in the registry, but with a sentencing-court gateway and remote-facility delivery model, sits between custody and community.
Where it gets delivered. Remote-facility models (i.e., bush camps) have a mixed evidence base. ACCO governance + local-area culturally-grounded design is the difference between this becoming a real alternative to detention and becoming a softer-skinned custodial line. The $80M is the right scale; the delivery design is the unresolved leverage point.
No public announcement located. Likely a recurrent contracting line, not a launched initiative.
No bill, administrative / appropriation / facility / funded-program initiative.
Tribe of Mentors - Circuit Breaker Project ($142K to Adapt Mentorship, FY22-23)
Intensive 30-week immediate response for re-offending young people. Includes 7-month cultural project providing cultural mentoring and connection to First Nations community. Funded program in justice_funding, small but explicitly culturally-grounded.
Scale + duration. $142K for 30-week intensive cultural mentoring is one cohort. The fix is multi-year contracting and geographic expansion, this is exactly the kind of program §17 (unfunded effective programs) is asking the system to scale.
New Townsville Youth Step Up Step Down facility site confirmed
Hon T Nicholls MP (Health)
source ↗No bill, administrative / appropriation / facility / funded-program initiative.
Mental Health Levy (hypothecated), separate funding stream from Youth Justice budget
Short-stay residential MH beds, intermediate between community and inpatient. Funded through MH levy, NOT Youth Justice budget, invisible from a justice-funding search. The most-tangible preventive announcement of the past 12 months. Site selected; build timeline TBD.
Cross-stream tagging. The fix is administrative: every MH-levy / NDIS / Health appropriation that serves YJ-cohort youth gets a cross-tag so it surfaces from a justice-funding search. Until that tagging exists, "no MH funding for YJ youth" remains the apparent answer to anyone querying the justice stream, even when the funding exists.
Kickstarting new early intervention programs to restore safety to Wide Bay
Hon L Gerber MP
source ↗No bill, administrative / appropriation / facility / funded-program initiative.
Kickstarter Grants line in justice_funding ($3.8M, 12 recipients)
Branded as "Kickstart" / "Kickstarter Grants" across Brisbane (Mar 2026), Toowoomba (Mar 2026), Cairns (Jan 2026), Wide Bay (Apr 2026), Far North QLD, Moreton Bay, Central QLD, Wide Bay-Burnett. Multiple announcements over 6 months. ~$3.8M total funded across 12 recipients in dataset.
Scale. $3.8M against $1.88B detention is symbolic. The fix is a 100× expansion (~$380M) and a multi-year contracting cycle so providers can hire and retain staff. At current scale, Kickstart is a press-release vehicle, not a system-shift program.
No public announcement located. Likely a recurrent contracting line, not a launched initiative.
No bill, administrative / appropriation / facility / funded-program initiative.
Bail Support Service ($16.7M / 26 recipients) + Bail Support Program ($10.7M / 15 recipients)
Long-running line, pre-dates current government. Continues under contract. Tightening of bail laws (above) increases the population this program is meant to support without proportionate funding increase.
Multi-year contracts. ACCOs and small community providers can't scale on 12-month contract cycles. The fix: minimum 4-year contracts for all bail-support providers, with cost-of-living indexation, so staffing decisions can be made beyond a single budget cycle.
No public announcement located. Likely a recurrent contracting line, not a launched initiative.
No bill, administrative / appropriation / facility / funded-program initiative.
Young Offender Support Service ($24.2M / 43 recipients) in justice_funding
Recurrent community-supervision support. 43 funded recipients across 2014-15 to 2024-25.
ACCO retention (§10), provider continuity has fallen from 100% to ~25%. The fix is a procurement reform: lengthen contracts, prefer ACCO-led delivery, and protect retention as a measured KPI alongside the spend.
No public announcement located. Likely a recurrent contracting line, not a launched initiative.
No bill, administrative / appropriation / facility / funded-program initiative.
Family Led Decision Making trial ($2.0M / 5 recipients)
Aligns with "Youth Justice family-led decision making" intervention in ALMA, graded Effective. Funded but not scaled; one of the smaller programs in the registry.
Geographic scaling. The trial is real and the evidence in ALMA grades it Effective. The fix is to scale from 5 recipients to every QLD region with hotspot LGAs (§4), particularly Lockyer Valley, Mareeba, Tablelands, Cairns. The evidence is in. The capital is the constraint.
New youth criminal rehabilitation program making Wide Bay-Burnett safer
Hon L Gerber MP
source ↗No bill, administrative / appropriation / facility / funded-program initiative.
No matched funding line in justice_funding. Either: not yet costed, funded via a separate department (Health / NDIS / Education), or sentencing/legislative change with no direct $ vehicle.
Multiple regional rehabilitation announcements (Wide Bay-Burnett 5 Dec 2025, SE QLD 20 Nov 2025). No matched line in justice_funding for these specific announcements yet, possibly delivered via existing community-services contracts.
Disclosure. Either (a) the appropriation exists under a generic line ("Social Services" / "Young People") and needs to be tagged, or (b) the announcement was unfunded press. A FOI on Treasury Cabinet submissions for these specific announcements would resolve the ambiguity.
Path to Treaty Act repealed
Crisafulli LNP Government (first sitting day)
source ↗Repeal bundled into Brisbane Olympic Games Act amendment
PASSED · 2024-11-28
bill text ↗No matched funding line in justice_funding. Either: not yet costed, funded via a separate department (Health / NDIS / Education), or sentencing/legislative change with no direct $ vehicle.
Removed institutional architecture (First Nations Treaty Institute + Truth-telling Inquiry) that explicitly addressed YJ over-representation. QAIHC and Indigenous health peaks publicly opposed. No replacement architecture announced.
Federal action or state-government turnover. The repeal happened on the LNP's first sitting day; reversal at state level requires the same political moment in the other direction. Federally, the Voice / Treaty / Truth conversation continues, federal architecture would partially fill the gap.
Child Protection (Offender Reporting and Offender Prohibition Order) and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2023
PASSED · 2023-08-25
bill text ↗No matched funding line in justice_funding. Either: not yet costed, funded via a separate department (Health / NDIS / Education), or sentencing/legislative change with no direct $ vehicle.
Overrode QLD HR Act for the second time; explicitly authorised holding children in adult watchhouses. Originally framed as temporary until 31 Dec 2026.
The 31 December 2026 sunset. The override was framed as temporary. Whether it expires, is renewed, or is made permanent is the single most-leveragable structural decision in this registry. Public pressure between now and end-2026 is the window. Once permanent, the architecture loses meaningful HR-Act protection for children.
Reading the patterns: a row with a red Bill PASSED badge and no matched funding line is custody-expansion law without parallel community investment, a one-way ratchet. A row with announcement + funding match but no bill is a community program running on appropriation, vulnerable to defunding without legislative friction. A row with announced, no bill, no funding visible is rhetoric until proven otherwise. Limits: 19 major initiatives curated. Pair this registry with the per-recipient drill-downs (Detail → on each row of the §9 table) to see who's actually delivering each funded line.
The ACCO funding gap, 12% of dollars for the majority First Nations in-custody cohort
Aboriginal Community-Controlled Organisations consistently outperform mainstream NGOs in retention and outcomes for First Nations young people. The dollar share doesn't reflect this. Closing the Gap target 11 commits to addressing it.
Foundation landscape, billions in adjacent giving, none anchored to QLD YJ
The 12 largest Australian foundations whose stated thematic focus includes justice / youth / children / First Nations / disability / mental health. Annual giving listed; most are not anchored specifically to QLD youth-justice work.
Federal procurement, Austender contracts to YJ-relevant suppliers
Top 12 federal Austender suppliers with names matching common YJ / community-services keywords (Mission Australia, Anglicare, Uniting, PCYC, Halikos, Liquidlogic, Save the Children).
The Network
Multi-system providers, director board interlocks, political donations from contractors. Who's connected to whom, and what that does to accountability.
The multi-system providers, orgs operating across 3+ sectors
QLD providers with funding flows tagged across at least 3 of: youth-justice, child-protection, disability, NDIS, family services, Indigenous services, mental health, homelessness, AOD, family violence. These are de-facto integrated service hubs, fragmented across siloed funding mechanisms.
Director interlocks, who sits on multiple boards
People holding 5+ board / advisory positions across charities or Indigenous corporations connected to justice funding. The federation's shadow network: governance, advocacy, and funding all run through a small cohort. Read the $ figures as network-cumulative, not per-person: if two listed directors sit on the same board, both rows include that board's funding total, so the same dollars appear against multiple people. The point of the table is the overlap, not an individual exposure.
Political donations by orgs that hold QLD YJ funding
Cross-reference: QLD youth-justice-funded recipients (by ABN) appear in the federal political-donations register. These donations may relate to any of the donor org's activities, not specifically to youth-justice work. Read as a structural-overlap signal, not as a YJ-attributable transfer.
No political donations on the federal register from ABN-matched QLD youth-justice grant recipients. (Note: state-level donation registers and individual-director donations are not in this dataset.)
The Evidence
What works, what's funded, what's not. The Australian Living Map of Alternatives (ALMA) catalogues evaluated programs; we cross-reference them against funding flows.
The ALMA evidence base
The Australian Living Map of Alternatives (ALMA), a civil-society register of community-endorsed and evaluated diversion / wraparound / justice-reinvestment / therapeutic / community-led programs. National counts by type, and the top 0 QLD-relevant interventions ranked by evidence + portfolio score.
Methodology: Evidence levels are self-attributed by ALMA submitters at registration time, not independently graded by CivicGraph. “Proven” / “Effective” / “Promising” reflect the program's own claim about its evaluation status, read as a starting point, not a verdict.
The unfunded effective programs
ALMA-listed programs at "Proven" or "Promising" evidence levels that have NO funding link in CivicGraph. These exist; they work; they're not being scaled.
All ALMA-listed effective programs have at least some funding linkage in our data.
The royal-commission inheritance
Six landmark inquiries shape what's known about youth-justice failures in Australia. QLD has not had a major youth-detention royal commission of its own; it inherits the lessons.
Don Dale tear-gassing footage triggered the inquiry. NT government accepted most recommendations in principle; on-the-ground implementation remains partial nearly a decade on.
Implementation lagging across all jurisdictions; deaths in custody continue.
Indigenous over-representation reform agenda; partial implementation at federal level.
Stolen Generations inquiry, basis for ongoing reparations work.
Inquest into death in QLD detention; recommendations pending.
Target 11 progress tracked above (§3); all-jurisdiction commitment.
The Place
Geography matters. The system fails specific places repeatedly: Townsville, Logan, Mount Isa, Cherbourg. The hotspots aren't random.
Place case studies, top 4 QLD LGAs by pipeline-intensity score
The §4 table ranks the top 15 QLD LGAs by pipeline-intensity score. Below: a fact card per LGA showing the cross-system context.
QLD LGAs ranked by pipeline-intensity score
The hotspot pattern is geographic. Top 15 QLD LGAs ranked by the composite pipeline-intensity score (welfare-recipient density + school disadvantage + Indigenous-population share), with funding tracked through CivicGraph's dataset shown as the bar magnitude. Per-LGA youth-offender rates aren't yet sourced into this dataset.
Red bars indicate LGAs with no tracked funding for community-based alternatives in CivicGraph's dataset.
Justice reinvestment, the Bourke benchmark
Bourke (NSW) is Australia's longest-running place-based justice-reinvestment site. Outcomes are evaluated and published. QLD has no operational equivalent at scale; the model is replicable but unfunded for QLD hotspots.
23% drop in family-violence incidents (2017 baseline year)
- · 31% increase in Year 12 retention
- · $3.1M gross impact estimated in the evaluation year, KPMG analysis
- · Aboriginal-led, place-based, data-driven cross-agency coordination
- · QLD has emerging place-based pilots; no operational equivalent at the same scale, time-horizon, or evaluation rigor
Source: KPMG (2018) Maranguka Justice Reinvestment Project Impact Assessment.
Policy & capacity signals
Live QLD ministerial statements scraped daily from statements.qld.gov.au, filtered to youth-justice keywords and tagged by direction-of-travel.
What QLD ministers are saying about youth justice
The 0 most-recent statements from statements.qld.gov.au. Each is auto-tagged by direction-of-travel: punitive (custody-expanding), preventive (community-investing), mixed. Read horizontally for the system's real direction.
scrape-ministerial-statements.Source: civic_ministerial_statements via the scrape-ministerial-statements agent. Classifier reads headlines, e.g. “Adult Crime, Adult Time” → punitive; “early intervention” → preventive. Click a card to read the full statement on statements.qld.gov.au.
Structural policy backdrop
The major QLD legislative and treaty-framework moves over 2023–2024 that frame every announcement above. These are curated reference items linked to the underlying QLD legislation register.
Strengthening Community Safety Act 2023, first override of QLD Human Rights Act
Reinstated the breach-of-bail offence for children. Overrode Queensland's own Human Rights Act 2019, the first such override since the Act commenced. Set the precedent for subsequent youth-justice legislation overriding rights protections.
AHRI, Overriding the Queensland HR Act ↗Path to Treaty Act 2023, established Truth-telling and Treaty Body
Act No. 12 of 2023, passed 10 May 2023. Established the First Nations Treaty Institute and a Truth-telling and Healing Inquiry, institutional architecture for addressing the systemic conditions (including youth-justice over-representation) that a treaty / truth process is intended to confront.
QLD Legislation, Path to Treaty Act 2023 ↗Children-in-adult-watchhouses Act, second HR Act override
Child Protection (Offender Reporting and Offender Prohibition Order) and Other Legislation Amendment Act. Overrode QLD HR Act for the second time; explicitly authorised holding children in adult watchhouses. Then-Police Minister Mark Ryan described as a temporary measure until 31 December 2026.
Al Jazeera coverage ↗Making Queensland Safer Act 2024, "adult crime, adult time"
Act No. 54 of 2024, assented 13 December 2024. Removed the "detention as a last resort" principle from the Youth Justice Act. Children charged with 13 listed offences (incl. murder, manslaughter, robbery, dangerous operation of a vehicle) face the same maximum, mandatory and minimum penalties as adults. Restorative justice removed as a sentencing option for those offences. UN CRC chair Ann Skelton called it "flagrant disregard of children's rights".
QLD Legislation, Making QLD Safer Act 2024 ↗Path to Treaty Act repealed, first sitting day of new government
Crisafulli LNP Government repealed the Path to Treaty Act on its first day of sitting. Repeal bundled into a Bill amending the Brisbane Olympic Games Act. QAIHC and Indigenous health peak bodies publicly opposed. Removed the institutional treaty/truth framework that explicitly addressed YJ over-representation.
QLD Statement, Repeal (Nov 2024) ↗Bail Act amendments, wider presumption-against-bail list
Police no longer required to consider alternatives to arrest for bail-condition breaches by children. Presumption-against-bail expanded: unlawful use of motor vehicle (aggravated), burglary, entering premises to commit indictable offences. Electronic monitoring of high-risk youth on bail expanded to Toowoomba, Mt Isa and Cairns. More children on remand for longer.
QLD Department of Youth Justice, Changes to Acts ↗Adult Crime Adult Time Amendment Bill 2025, proposed expansion to ~33 offences
Sought to expand the adult-crime-adult-time list by ~20 further offences including arson, attempted murder, torture, rape, attempted rape, attempted robbery and trafficking in dangerous drugs. UN Special Rapporteurs Alice Jill Edwards (torture) and Albert K. Barume (Indigenous peoples) wrote to Australian authorities expressing concern.
OHCHR, UN experts on Australian youth justice (May 2025) ↗Oversight, inspection & coronial findings
What independent inspectors and oversight bodies have found about the QLD youth-justice operation. Sourced from the Inspector of Detention Services, the Australian Human Rights Commission, and human-rights research bodies. Each entry links to the originating report.
Important clarification
The high-profile Cleveland Dodd coronial inquest (16-year-old Yamatji boy who died in October 2023) is a Western Australian case at Unit 18, Casuarina Prison, not QLD's Cleveland Youth Detention Centre in Townsville. Public reporting often conflates the two given the shared name. We do not surface the Dodd inquest in this QLD report. WA Coroner's findings (Dec 2025) called for Unit 18 to close as a matter of urgency.
Cleveland Youth Detention Centre Inspection Report, separation due to staff shortages
Inspector Anthony Reilly tabled findings of chronic staff shortages causing children to be locked alone in their rooms. On one inspection day, 40% of Cleveland's 96 inmates were held in bare cells. Average separation length in 2022–23 was 8 hrs 36 min, reduced to 4 hrs 24 min by mid-2024. 15 recommendations.
QLD Ombudsman, Cleveland inspection report ↗Cairns and Murgon Watch-Houses Inspection Report, focus on detention of children
Inspection of Cairns and Murgon watch-houses with specific focus on the detention of children. Documented operational and welfare issues at both regional sites, directly relevant to the watchhouse-as-overflow pattern in Volume 1.
QLD Ombudsman, Cairns + Murgon inspection ↗Combined Youth Detention Centres Inspection Report
Combined inspection report covering all QLD youth detention centres. Read alongside the 2024 Cleveland report for the across-system pattern.
QLD Ombudsman, combined YDC inspections 2025 ↗Children in Brisbane City Watchhouse, 89 children, isolation incidents
ABC Four Corners + Amnesty International documented 89 children held in the Brisbane City Watchhouse at one point in May 2019. Reported incidents included children losing fingers in cell doors and one young person held in isolation for 23 days. Triggered international and federal-level scrutiny.
Human Rights Watch, Australia's terrifying watch-houses ↗National Children's Commissioner, public criticism of QLD reforms
The National Children's Commissioner publicly criticised QLD's 2024 youth-justice reforms as a breach of Australia's international child-rights obligations.
AHRC, Statement on QLD reforms ↗Source: QLD Ombudsman / Inspector of Detention Services (ombudsman.qld.gov.au) and Australian Human Rights Commission.
QLD Parliament, what MPs are actually saying
Most-recent youth-justice mentions in QLD Parliament Hansard, scraped from parliament.qld.gov.au. Each card shows the speaker, party, sitting date, and the opening of their contribution. Filter: keyword match in body_text on youth justice / adult crime / detention / watchhouse / bail / Making Queensland Safer.
scrape-qld-hansard to populate.Source: civic_hansard table populated by scrape-qld-hansard agent. 0 most-recent youth-justice mentions shown; party-bar covers the last 12 months. Speaker-name parsing is best-effort from PDF text and may render as surnames only.
YJ-relevant bills · already-passed
Bills passed (or with amendment) since 2024, scraped via Playwright from the official QLD Parliament register. Each card opens to a curated drawer with key amendments + opposition voices + capital backing + outcome proxies. Read alongside §24.6 (active) for the full pipeline.
qld_bills. Run scrape-qld-bills to populate.The same bill names extracted from civic_hansard.body_text via v_qld_yj_bills_active, how often each appeared in debate. Yellow rail = YJ-specific by name pattern.
Bill names extracted by regex from PDF Hansard text, minor edge-case captures may include leading sentence fragments. Verify against the QLD Bills register at parliament.qld.gov.au before quoting. The proper bills-register scraper is queued, Hansard-derived list is a free interim cut.
Promise → action → outcomes, does the chain hold?
For each major QLD policy promise we map the chain: the announcement (what was said), the bill (what was passed), the implementing department or contractor (who delivers), and the live outcomes data we can read against it (what changed). Where the chain breaks, where promise outpaces action, where action lands but outcomes don't move, or where the system pretends two contradictory promises can both be delivered, the gap is the story. Four chains, ordered roughly by the gap between announcement and outcome.
Expanding Adult Crime, Adult Time Amendment Bill 2026
Sponsor: Gerber LNP · PASSED with amendment 23 Apr 2026 · §24.7
QLD Department of Youth Justice
Capital backing: Wacol $250M+, Woodford up to $627.61M, Cairns 40 beds · §2
- · Watchhouse children today: — (0% First Nations)
- · CTG gap: +—/10K from trajectory (widening)
- · ACCO funding share: 12% (unchanged)
- · 0 live coronial findings flagged in-custody
Bundled into Brisbane Olympic Games Act amendment
28 Nov 2024 (first sitting day) · QAIHC publicly opposed
Crisafulli LNP Government
No funding allocation (institutional removal of Treaty Body + Truth-telling Inquiry)
- · ACCO funding share: 12% (unchanged)
- · First Nations % of in-custody children: 0%
- · CTG target 11 trajectory: widening
- · No replacement institutional architecture announced
“New Townsville Youth Step Up Step Down facility site confirmed”
Tim Nicholls (Min. Health) · 4 Feb 2026 · §23
Mental health levy revenue (election commitment)
Levy hypothecated to youth mental health services. No specific bill, administrative + capital appropriation.
QLD Department of Health
Step Up Step Down model: short-stay residential mental-health beds, intermediate between community and inpatient. Townsville site selected; build timeline tbd.
- · Site confirmed; not yet operational
- · QLD justice grants tagged mental-health/AOD: 0
- · Cleveland (Townsville) detention occupancy: 76–92%, pre-existing demand
- · Read against §6 mental-health blind spot for whether the system funds-what-it-names
“Stronger youth bail monitoring laws to make Queensland safer”
Gerber · 10 Dec 2025 + 12 Feb 2026 (twice) · §23
YJ (Monitoring Devices) Amendment Bill 2025 → YJ (Electronic Monitoring) Amendment Bill 2025
PASSED 2 Apr 2025 + PASSED 12 Feb 2026 · Gerber LNP · §24.7
QLD DYJ + monitoring-device contractor
Roll-out expanded to Toowoomba, Mt Isa, Cairns regional areas. Police no longer required to consider alternatives to arrest for breaches.
- · Children >2 days in watchhouse: 0 today (avg cell, no programs)
- · Adults >7 days in watchhouse: — · longest —
- · Detention occupancy: 76–92% across BYDC, Cleveland, West Moreton (overflow → watchhouses)
- · Remand-as-default pattern: data point we're building (proxy = watchhouse-pop trend, §2)
Wacol Remand 76 beds, Woodford 80, Cairns 40, 196 new beds total
Palaszczuk Labor 2023–24 announcements; Crisafulli LNP continues
Multiple ministerial statements + capital appropriation
Construction underway 2024–2027 timeline
QLD DYJ + BESIX Watpac (Woodford lead contractor)
$1B+ combined capital across the three facilities
- · Wacol Remand: opened early 2025 (76 beds added)
- · Woodford: targeting 2026 completion
- · Cairns: targeting 2027 operational
- · No equivalent community-services capital allocation in the same window
Method: each chain anchors a high-profile QLD YJ policy promise and traces it through the live data we hold, ministerial statements (§23), bills register (§24.7), watchhouse occupancy (§1), CTG progress (§3), ACCO funding share (§10), capital backing (§2), and coronial outcomes (§24). Where outcome data is missing or moves the wrong way, the chain's “status” line surfaces it. We're building richer outcome ingestion (recidivism by year, detention bed-day cost, ACCO retention rates) for next iteration.
The shape of the choice
Each new bed announcement is a structural commitment for 30+ years. Each new piece of bail-tightening legislation lengthens the average remand period. Each repealed prevention framework removes a counter-balancing institution. The cumulative direction of travel, combining the dataset numbers above (§3, §8, §10) with the policy moves in §23, is unambiguous: QLD is structurally expanding custody capacity faster than community capacity. The same dollars could have funded the operational scale-up of every “promising” ALMA intervention listed in §16, with evaluation budget left over.
Expanding. Multiple new facilities announced; Wacol remand opened; existing centres still running near capacity.
Hardening. “Adult crime, adult time” introduces adult sentences for child offences. Bail provisions tightened.
Contracting. Path to Treaty repealed. ACCO funding share unchanged at 12%. $0 for group conferencing, the most-evidence-backed line.
What would shift this
A $200M reallocation is roughly a —% expansion of the $0 community-services line, enough to scale-up the most-promising ALMA interventions across the regional QLD network. Detention costs more per child than every alternative.
From 12% toward the in-custody share, the AIHW 2024-25 range puts First Nations representation at ~65–75%, so a target near that band, not a fixed multiplier of the current share. Aboriginal Community-Controlled Organisations consistently outperform mainstream NGOs on retention and outcomes for First Nations young people.
The reason most ALMA interventions sit at "promising" rather than "proven" isn't that programs don't work, it's that programs are funded to deliver, not to be evaluated. A small percentage of every grant going to monitoring closes the evidence gap within a budget cycle.
QLD has overridden its own HR Act twice in 18 months to expand custody powers over children (§23.1). Each Act passed under the current Government has expanded custody, none community capacity. Reversing that legislative direction is the precondition for moves 1–3 to land.
What this means for you
- 12% of dollars for the majority First Nations in-custody cohort (~65–75% across AIHW 2024-25 quarters). Frame your grants against this denominator. ACCOs deliver better outcomes; they don't get the dollars.
- Evidence-vs-spend gap is real and quantifiable. $0 group conferencing, the most-evidence-backed early intervention in the budget, versus $0 for detention services.
- $1B+ committed to detention capacity expansion (§2: Wacol $250M+ build + ~$150M ops first 3 yrs; Woodford up to $627.61M reported; Cairns TBD). Foundation giving is adjacent, not anchored, see §11.
- Watchhouse data should sit on every QLD YJ board agenda. It's public, daily, and tells you who's in custody right now.
- Audit your evidence-level disclosure. If your programs sit at "promising" or "untested", you need an evaluation strategy. Funders are starting to ask.
- Map your funder concentration. Most QLD YJ NGOs run a single Justice department line item as their lifeline. Diversify before the cycle ends.
- Live coronial findings (0 in-custody / YJ-flagged in §24). Pilkington 27 recommendations · Schafer prison-murder · Valera family-violence/suicide. PDFs link direct to the QLD Coroners Court source.
- 0 live YJ bills tracked from parliament.qld.gov.au with sponsor + party + status (§24.7). Pair with the watchhouse refresh and the live ministerial-statement feed for any contemporary story.
- Director networks in §14 connect QLD YJ orgs to national NGO boards, advocacy peaks, and government advisory committees. The shadow network is small.
- $0 detention vs $0 community is a campaign-grade statistic. Detention isn't cheaper; it's structurally larger.
- First Nations children at 0% of in-custody kids is a Closing the Gap target-11 signal. It's daily-data, not annual.
- 0 ALMA-listed alternatives with QLD presence are real, evaluated, community-endorsed work. The "there's no alternative" framing doesn't hold.
Two ways to take this further
The same pipeline that produced this report runs for any sector or organisation in Australia: multicultural peak bodies, ACCOs, foundations, lobbyists, federal procurement, place-based investment. Tell us what hit and what missed. Anonymously if you like.
Partnerships we're looking for: foundations co-funding sector reports · ACCO + community-controlled orgs that want their own version of this · journalists on a story · sector peaks pitching system change · researchers using the underlying dataset.
mv_yj_report_acco_gap · ALMA: civil-society register · LGA: lga_cross_system_stats · NDIS: v_ndis_youth_justice_overlay · CTG: v_ctg_youth_justice_progress · Last loaded 2026-06-17